The 4 Cs: A Framework For Improving Math Skills Contributed by Anastasia Betts, VP Curriculum Planning and Design at Age of Learning The U.S. is lagging behind in math literacy. According to the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), American teens are well below standard proficiency. However, the breakdown in math literacy is occurring during early childhood, well before the teen years. Research has shown that early development of math skills and knowledge is a strong predictor of later math